GITRL (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand), also known as TL6 and AITRL (activation-inducible TNF-related ligand), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF18). GITRL is a single-pass type II transmebrane glycoprotein consisting of a 50 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21-aa transmembrane domain (TM) and a 128aa extracellular domain (ECD).  GITRL is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8-double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye. Its expression is transiently up regulated by proinflammatory stimulation.  GITRL binding to its receptor GITR provides a co-stimulatory signal to activated T cells and NK cells. This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITRL-expressing dendritic cells (DC) to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone. GITRL binding to GITR can also function as costimulator to lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. GITRL is important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells.  GITRL promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and regulates migration of monocytes from the splenic reservoir to sites of inflammation.  In the central nervous system, GITRL/GITR interactions enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons. The binding of GITRL to GITR on mouse Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg-induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans.   

GITRL (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand), also known as TL6 and AITRL (activation-inducible TNF-related ligand), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF18). GITRL is a single-pass type II transmebrane glycoprotein consisting of a 50 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21-aa transmembrane domain (TM) and a 128aa extracellular domain (ECD).  GITRL is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8-double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye. Its expression is transiently up regulated by proinflammatory stimulation.  GITRL binding to its receptor GITR provides a co-stimulatory signal to activated T cells and NK cells. This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITRL-expressing dendritic cells (DC) to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone. GITRL binding to GITR can also function as costimulator to lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. GITRL is important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells.  GITRL promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and regulates migration of monocytes from the splenic reservoir to sites of inflammation.  In the central nervous system, GITRL/GITR interactions enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons. The binding of GITRL to GITR on mouse Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg-induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans.   

  

Product Details

 

Gene Symbol: GITRL; TL6; AITRL; GITRL; TNLG2A; hGITRL; TNFSF18; UNQ149/PRO175

  

NCBI Gene ID: 8995

 

Uniprot Entry: Q9UNG2

 

Construct Details: Full length human GITRL gene is subcloned into the Lentiviral expression vector pLTC with an upstream CMV promoter with or without a selection marker, which can be used for both transient and stable expression in mammalian cells.  It can be co-transfected with the LentiPAK DNA mix (SKU# LP-001) into HEK293 cells to produce high titer lentiviral particles.

 

Vector Type: pLTC (lentiviral expression vector containing a heterologous CMV promoter and a marker, see the vector map above)

 

Formulation: Supplied with 10 μg of endotoxin-free plasmid DNA at 200 ng/μl in sterile TE buffer (pH8.0)

 

Gene Insert Sequence:  

ATGACATTGCATCCTTCACCCATCACTTGTGAATTTTTGTTTTCCACAGCTCTCATTTCTCCAAAAATGT

GTTTGAGCCACTTGGAAAATATGCCTTTAAGCCATTCAAGAACTCAAGGAGCTCAGAGATCATCCTGGAA

GCTGTGGCTCTTTTGCTCAATAGTTATGTTGCTATTTCTTTGCTCCTTCAGTTGGCTAATCTTTATTTTT

CTCCAATTAGAGACTGCTAAGGAGCCCTGTATGGCTAAGTTTGGACCATTACCCTCAAAATGGCAAATGG

CATCTTCTGAACCTCCTTGCGTGAATAAGGTGTCTGACTGGAAGCTGGAGATACTTCAGAATGGCTTATA

TTTAATTTATGGCCAAGTGGCTCCCAATGCAAACTACAATGATGTAGCTCCTTTTGAGGTGCGGCTGTAT

AAAAACAAAGACATGATACAAACTCTAACAAACAAATCTAAAATCCAAAATGTAGGAGGGACTTATGAAT

TGCATGTTGGGGACACCATAGACTTGATATTCAACTCTGAGCATCAGGTTCTAAAAAATAATACATACTG

GGGTATCATTTTACTAGCAAATCCCCAATTCATCTCCTAG

 

Primers: Gene insert coding sequence can be confirmed by following primers:

(a) forward (or 5'-end) primer: 5’-CAAATGGGCGGTAGGCGTG-3’;

(b) reverse (or 3'-end) primer: 5’-CGGGAAGCAATAGCATGATA-3’

 

 

Note: The sequence may vary due to the naturally occurring variants or mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, or the artifact during PCR amplification.  High fidelity PCR systems should always be used. 

 

  

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

Restriction: This product is not transferable or re-sellable.  Customer obtain no right to transfer, assign, or sublicense its use rights, or to transfer, resell, package, or otherwise distribute the product, or to use the product for the benefit of any third party or for any commercial purpose.  Customer may only use the product in compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, regulations and rules.  Customer may not directly or indirectly use the product or allow the transfer, transmission, export or re-export of all or any part of the product in violation of any export control law or regulation of the united states or any other relevant jurisdiction.  Your use of this product constitutes acceptance of the terms of this limited use agreement.  Please refer to our “terms & conditions” for details.  If you are not willing to accept the limitation of this agreement, G&P Biosciences will accept return of the product for a full/partial refund.

 

Storage

 

The product is shipped at 4°C. Upon receipt, centrifuge the product briefly before opening the vial. It is recommended to store small aliquots at the temperature below –20°C for long-term storage and the product is stable for 6 months. 

 

 

 

 

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

 

 

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

 

References

 

 

1. J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056 (1999)

2. Curr. Biol. 9:215 (1999)

3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:15059 (2003)

4. J. Immunol. 173:5008 (2004)

5. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30:547 (2010).

 

 

 

Documentation

 

Product datasheet (pdf) can be downloaded here: LTP2523-PDS.pdf

 

 

 

Additional supporting documents, including COA and MSDS are available upon request.

 

 

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

Restriction: This product is not transferable or re-sellable.  Customer obtain no right to transfer, assign, or sublicense its use rights, or to transfer, resell, package, or otherwise distribute the product, or to use the product for the benefit of any third party or for any commercial purpose.  Customer may only use the product in compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, regulations and rules.  Customer may not directly or indirectly use the product or allow the transfer, transmission, export or re-export of all or any part of the product in violation of any export control law or regulation of the united states or any other relevant jurisdiction.  Your use of this product constitutes acceptance of the terms of this limited use agreement.  Please refer to our “terms & conditions” for details.  If you are not willing to accept the limitation of this agreement, G&P Biosciences will accept return of the product for a full/partial refund.